Chloramines represent a class of chemical compounds utilized in the realm of chemistry, typically comprised of 20% ammonia and chlorine, and recognized as secondary disinfectants.
By introducing chloramines into tap water, a powerful defense against bacteria and various microorganisms can be established. This disinfectant effect endures as the water travels through the system’s pipes and into the homes of consumers.
Awareness of whether or not chloramines are present in your water supply is critical. This is because research has shown that chloramines may cause an increase in the levels of copper and lead, and may also contribute to the deterioration of plumbing fixtures, toilets, washing machines, and sink faucets.
Below is a list of cities in the United States of America that utilize chloramine.
List of Cities that Use Chloramine in the USA 2022
1. ALASKA
Anchorage
Anchorage water and wastewater utility
Customer Service: 907 564-2700
Anchorage water and wastewater utility Website: www.awwu.biz/
2. ALABAMA
Birmingham
Birmingham Water Works
Customer Service: (205) 244-4000
Birmingham Water Works Website: www.bwwb.org/
Huntsville
Huntsville Water utility
Customer Service: 479-738-6929
Huntsville Water utility: www.huntsvillewater.org/
3. COLORADO
Denver
Denver water
Customer Service: 303-893-2444
Denver Water Website: https://www.denverwater.org
Aurora
Aurora Colorado
Customer Service: 303-739-7000
Aurora Colorado Website: https://www.auroragov.org/
4. LOUISIANA
New Orleans
Sewerage and water Board New Orleans
Customer Service: (504) 529-2837
Sewerage and water Board New Orleans: www.swbno.org/
Shreveport
City of Shreveport
Customer Service: 318-673-7600
City of Shreveport Website: www.shreveportla.gov/520/Water-Sewerage
5. CALIFORNIA
San Francisco
California Water Servives
Customer Service: 213 569 987
San Francisco Website: www calwater.com
Anaheim
Anaheim Public Utility
Customer Service: 714-765-3300
Anaheim Website: www anaheim.net/656/Wa
Antioch
Antioch California
Customer Service: (925) 685-4711
Antioch Website : www.antiochca.gov/
Fontana
Fontana California
Customer Service: 1-909-822-2201
Fontana Website : www.fontanawater.com
Huntington Beach
Huntington Beach California
Customer Service: (714) 536-5921
Huntington Beach Website: www.huntingtonbeachca.gov
Long Beach
Long Beach Water Department
Customer Service: (562) 570-2390
Long Beach Website: www.lbwater.org/
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Oakland
Oakland Water Department
Customer Service: 901.465.8523
Oakland Website: www.oaklandtennessee.org
San Diego
The City of San Diego
Customer Service: 619-515-3525
The City of San Diego Website: www.sandiego.gov/public-utilities/
San Jose
San Jose Water
Customer Service: (408) 279-7900
San Jose water Website: www.sjwater.com
Concord
Concord Northern California
Customer Service: 704-920-5555
Concord Website: www.concordnc.gov/
Chula Vista
City of Chula Vista
Customer Service: 691-5044
Chula Vista Website: https://www.chulavistaca.gov
Corona
City of Corana
Customer Service: 951-736-2234
Corona Website: https://www.coronaca.gov
Escondido
City of Escondido
Customer Service: 760-839-4880
Escondido Website: https://www.escondido.org/
Fremont
Alamenda County Water District
Customer Service: 510-668-4200
Fremont Website: https://www.acwd.org/385/Water-Treatment-Plant-No-2
Garden Grove
City of Garden Grove
Customer Service: (888)867-2992
City of Garden Grove Website: https://ggcity.org/h2o/guest
Glendale
Glendale California
Customer Service: 818-548-2062
Glendale California Website: https://www.glendaleca.gov/government/departments/glendale-water-and-power/contact-us
Hayward
City of Hayward
Customer Service: 510-583-4000
City of Hayward Website: https:/ /www.hayward-ca.go
Irvine
Irvine Ranch Water District
Customer Service: 949-453-5300
Irvine Ranch Water District Website: https://www.irwd.com/contact-customer-care
Los Angeles
Los Angeles Department of water and power
Customer Service: (1-800-342-5397)
Los Angeles Department of water Website: https://www.ladwp.com
Moreno Valley
Eastern Municipal Water District
Customer Service: 951-928-3777
Eastern Municipal Water Disctict Website: https://www.emwd.org
Orange
City of Orange California
Customer Service: (714) 744-2225
City of Orange California Website: https://www.cityoforange.org
Pasadena
City of Pasadena
Customer Service: 713-477-1511
City of Pasadena Website: www.ci.pasadena.tx.us
Simi Valley
City of Simi Valley
Customer Service: (805) 583-6736
City of Simi Valley Website: https://www.simivalley.org/departments/public-works/water-conservation
Sunnyvale
City of Sunnyvale
Customer Service: 408-730-7607
City of Sunnyvale Website: https://sunnyvale.ca.gov
Thousand Oaks
Thousands Oaks, California
Customer Service: (805) 449-2201.
Thousands Oaks, California Website: https://www.toaks.org
6. INDIANA
Indianapolis
City of Indianapolis
Customer Service: (317) 924-3311
City of Indianapolis Website: www.citizensenergygroup.com/My-Home/Utility-Services/Water
7. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington
Washington Water Services
Customer Service: (877) 408-4060
Washington Water Services Website: https://www.wawater.com
8. FLORIDA
Miami
Miami Dade Water and Sewer
Customer Service: 305-468-5900
Miamidade Water and sewer Website: www miamidade gov/water/bill_app/startService asp
Tampa
City of Tampa
Customer Service: 813.274.8211
City of Tampa Website: www tampagov net
Coral Springs
Coral Springs Florida
Customer Service: 954-345-2121
Coral Springs Florida Website -www coralsprings org
Fort Lauderdale
City of Fort Lauderdale
Customer Service: (954) 828-8000
City of Fort Lauderdale Website: www.fortlauderdale.gov/
Hialeah
Hialeah Florida
Customer Service: 305-883-5800
Hialeah Florida Website: www.hialeahfl.gov
Hollywood
Hollywood Florida
Customer Service: 954.967.HELP (4357)
Hollywood Florida Website: www.hollywoodfl.org/
Pembroke Pines
The City of Pembroke Pines
Customer Service: 954-450-1060
The City of Pembroke Pines Website: www.ppines.com
St. Petersburg
City of St. Petersburg
Customer Service: 727-893-7111
City of St. Petersburg Website: www.stpete.org/water
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9. ILLINOIS
Aurora
City of Aurora
Customer Service: 727-893-7111
City of Aurora Website: www.auroragov.org
10. KANSAS
Topeka
City of topeka
Customer Service: 785-368-3111
City of topeka Website: www.topeka.org/utilities/
11. KENTUCKY
Louisville
Louisville Water Company
Customer Service: (502) 583-6610
Louisville Water Company Website: www.louisvillewater.com/
12. MINNESOTA
St. Paul
St. Paul Water and Sewer
Customer Service: 651-266-8989
St. Paul Water and Sewer Website: www.stpaul.gov/
13. MICHIGAN
Ann Arbor
The City of Ann Arbor
Customer Service: 734.794.6333
The City of Ann Arbor Website: www.a2gov.org/services/water-billing/
14. MISSOURI
Kansas City
City of Kansas City
Customer Service: 816.513.1313
City of Kansas City Website: www.kcwaterservices.org
St. Louis
City of St.Louis
Customer Service: (314) 633-9000
City of St.Louis Website: www.stlwater.com
Springfield
Springfield Water and Sewer
Customer Service: 413-310-3501
Springfield Water and Sewer Website:www.waterandsewer.org/
15. NEBRASKA
Omaha
Omaha Metropolitant Utility District
Customer Service: 402.554.6666
-Omaha Metropolitant Utility District Website: www.mudomaha.com
16. NORTH CAROLINA
Durham
Durham North Carolina
Customer Service: 919-560-1200
Durham North Carolina Website: www.durhamnc.gov/
Raleigh
Raleigh North Carolina
Customer Service: 919-996-3245
Raleigh North Carolina Website: www.raleighnc.gov
Oregon
The City of Portland Oregon
Customer Service: 503-823-4000
The City of Portland Oregon Website: www.portlandoregon.gov
17. VIRGINIA
Virginia Beach
City of Virginia Beach
Customer Service: 757-385-3111
City of Virginia Beach Website: www.vbgov.com
18. WISCONSIN
Milwaukee
City of Milwaukee
Customer Service: 414-286-City
City of Milwaukee Website: https://city.milwaukee.gov
19. NORTH CAROLINA
Greensboro
Greensboro North Carolina
Customer Service: 336-373-2489 (CITY)
Greensboro North Carolina Website: https://www.greensboro-nc.gov
20. SOUTH DAKOTA
Sioux Falls
The City of Sioux Fall
Customer Service: 605-367-8131
The City of Sioux Fall Website: www.siouxfalls.org
21. TEXAS
Abilene
City of Abilene Texas
Customer Service: (325) 548-2237
City of abilene Texas Website: http://abilenetx.gov/
Grand Prairie
Customer Service: (325) 548-2237
Grand Prairie Website: abilenetx.gov
Irving
City of Irving
Customer Service: (972) 721-2600
City of Irving Website: https://www.cityofirving.org
Larado
City of Larado
Customer Service: (956) 727-6402
City of larado Website: https://click2gov.city
Lubbock
City of Lubbock
Customer Service: (956) 727-6402
City of Lubbock Website: https://ci.lubbock.tx.us/
Mesquite
City of Mesquite
Customer Service: 972-216-6759
City of Mesquite Website: https://www.cityofmesquite.com
Plano
Piona Texas
Customer Service: 972-941-7000
Piano Texas Website: https://www.plano.gov
Waco
Waco Texas
Customer Service Phone: 972-941-7000
Waco Texas Website: https://www.waco-texas.com
22. VIRGINIA
Alexandria
City of Alexandria
Customer Service: 765.724.3144
City of Alexandria Website: www.cityofalexandria.org
Arlington
City of Arlington Tx
Customer Service: 817-459-6777
City of Arlington Website: www.arlington-tx.gov
Newport News
City of Newport TX
Customer Service: 757-247-2500
Newport News Website: https://www.nngov.com
Norfolk
City of Norfolk
Customer Service: 757-823-1000
City of Norfolk Website: https://www.norfolk.gov
Richmond
City of Richmond Texax
Customer Service: (281) 342-5456
Richmond Texas Website: www.richmondtx.gov
Conclusion
Chloramine is a compound consisting of 20 percent ammonia and chlorine. Chloramine is known to persist in water for a longer duration compared to chlorine, thereby posing challenges for homeowners to remove it effectively from the water.
Numerous water agencies have adopted chloramine as a cost-effective and efficient way of treating public water. Chloramine’s extended duration in water saves money and reduces exposure to chlorine.
Despite its advantages, chloramine is not without risks. Although it does not leach into water, the compound is not entirely safe, and it requires proper handling and management to prevent potential health hazards.
Check chloramine side effects here.
An effective way to test for Chloramine
The need to treat water with chloramine is meant to deactivate and destroy disease-producing micro-organisms, resulting in an overall water quality improvement. Proper testing is critical because chlorination can sometimes introduce undesirable odor and taste characteristics.
Chloramine is a free and very effective disinfectant; Total chlorine is a combination of reacted chlorine and free [available] chloramine. In the presence of chlorine, when it reacts with an organic compound like ammonia chloramines are formed.
Chloramines may cause skin rashes, painful eye irritation and do have an overpowering chlorine smell.
Chloramine levels can be calculated by deducting the amount of free chlorine from total chlorine amount [example: free chlorine = 0.5 ppm, total chlorine -1.0 ppm, thus 1.0 ppm – 0.5ppm = 0.5 ppm chloramine]
Chlorine vs Chloramine
Chlorine vs Chloramine
Chloramine
It is a combination of chlorine and ammonia. Chloramines in water remain for a very long time, unlike chlorine which disappears very fast when exposed to air.
That’s why water companies mostly use chloramines. Suitable for keeping public water clean and safe from bacteria.
Chloramine structure
With chloramines that are still active, you can age water in a tank or open bucket for months and days, and still the water will be safe to drink.
Please note the old trick of aging water in a bucket with a filter won’t work anymore.
Chlorine
Three main essential characteristics of chlorine are effective algaecide, persistent sanitizer and a strong oxidizer of unwanted contaminants.
The concentration of chlorine in water can be easily neutralized by two methods. This is the first method of treating water chemically with sodium thiosulfate. Sodium is readily available at your local pet shop.
The second method is quite easy. Chlorine disappears rapidly when exposed to air for 12 to 24 hours. You can easily accomplish this by leaving a bucket filled with water in the open air, and it will turn to chlorine-free water.
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